JUNIPER FALCON 19 (JF19) is a joint, biannual U.S.-Israel rapid deployment and contingency response exercise designed to enhance interoperability between the U.S. and Israeli militaries. While the exercise is driven by the regional dynamics of the Middle East, it is not related to any specific events or developments. Planning for JF19 began in early 2018 as part of regularly scheduled training between U.S. European Command (USEUCOM) and the Israel Defense Force (IDF).